Share research - Zambia

San-Dem community dissemination brief

shareadmin — Wed, 19 Feb 2020 14:15:31 +0000

This leaflet was shared with research participants and interested members of the community at a local event to disseminate the findings of the San-Dem project which was carried out in Bauleni compound in Lusaka, Zambia.

Download (857.27 KB) San-Dem Marni Brennan Zambia

Outcome mapping and research into use: analysing monitoring data for effective strategies

shareadmin — Mon, 13 Jan 2020 15:33:06 +0000

This article by Balls and Nurova (2020) was published in Development in Practice. The paper analyses outcome mapping data to uncover effective strategies for engaging practitioners and policymakers with research projects. The project focuses on SHARE and the four countries it works in - Kenya, Malawi, Tanzania and Zambia. The article identifies three emerging themes: early engagement, using existing and new forums and seizing opportunities. It discusses the contextual difference and the relevance of outcome mapping methodology for research into use and is relevant for those seeking to engage and influence stakeholders with their research and programmes.

Download (1.39 MB) Marni Brennan Kenya Malawi Tanzania Zambia

Policy brief: Changing urban sanitation infrastructure through behaviour change interventions in Lusaka, Zambia

shareadmin — Fri, 01 Nov 2019 13:00:15 +0000

This policy brief details how CIDRZ's San-Dem project used behaviour centred design (BCD) to improve sanitation quality in an informal urban settlement in Lusaka, Zambia. The brief gives recommendations on next steps for scaling up the San-Dem project nationally and globally.

Download (439.41 KB) San-Dem Marni Brennan Zambia

Understanding demand for higher quality sanitation in peri-urban Lusaka, Zambia through stated and revealed preference analysis

shareadmin — Fri, 31 May 2019 15:05:37 +0000

In this paper, published in Social Science & Medicine, Tidwell et al. (2019) discuss the role of consumer demand in increasing peri-urban sanitation quality for tenants using shared sanitation. The authors analysed data on existing housing markets using the Hedonistic Pricing Method (HPM) to capture the percentage of rent attributable to sanitation quality. They also conducted discrete choice experiments (DCEs) to obtain willingness to pay (WTP) estimates for specific sanitation components and explored the implications this had on investment return for landlords making sanitation improvements. The study found that 18% of rental prices were attributed to sanitation and the tenants were willing to pay $2.20 more rent per month for flushing toilets on plots with running water and $3.39 more per month for solid toilet doors. Solid doors and flushing toilets had higher rent increase to cost ratios than other ways landlords commonly invested in their plots. Interventions leveraging landlords' profit motives could lead to significant improvements in peri-urban sanitation quality, reduced diarrheal disease transmission, and increased well-being without subsidies or infrastructure investments by government or NGOs.

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Using a theory-driven creative process to design a peri-urban on-site sanitation quality improvement intervention

shareadmin — Fri, 31 May 2019 15:02:54 +0000

Tidwell et al.’s (2019) paper, published in BMC Public Health, discusses the authors’ experiences of using the Behaviour Centered Design (BCD) framework to design a sanitation quality improvement behaviour change intervention for a peri-urban site in Lusaka, Zambia. The intervention aimed to encourage landlords to improve their toilets by making them more accessible, desirable, hygienic and sustainable. Use of the BCD model resulted in a theory-driven, creative and multi-faceted intervention. This work advances applied behavioural science, will be able to be adapted to improve on-site sanitation in other settings and will contribute to the iterative development of the BCD model.

Download (720.97 KB) San-Dem Marni Brennan Zambia

Effect of a behaviour change intervention on the quality of peri-urban sanitation in Lusaka, Zambia: A randomised controlled trial

shareadmin — Fri, 31 May 2019 15:00:52 +0000

This paper by Tidwell et al. (2019) describes a randomised control trial carried out in Lusaka, Zambia, to determine the effect of a behaviour change intervention to motivate landlords to improve the quality of shared toilets on their plots in a peri-urban setting. The study was published in The Lancet Planetary Health. The intervention was developed using a Behaviour Centred Design approach and involved a series of group meetings designed to motivate sanitation quality improvement as a way to build wealth and reduce on-plot conflict. 1085 landlords were enrolled and no subsidies or materials were provided. Outcomes measured included having a rotational cleaning system (for hygiene), having a solid door on the toilet with an inside lock (for privacy), having an outside lock (for security) and having a sealed toilet (to reduce smell and contamination). Outcomes were measured 1 month before the intervention and 4 months after it ended. The intervention was associated with improvements in all of the outcomes, showing that it is possible to improve the structural quality and cleanliness of shared sanitation through behaviour change interventions and without provision of additional subsidies or materials.

Download (527.98 KB) San-Dem Marni Brennan Zambia

Theory-driven formative research on on-site, shared sanitation quality improvement among landlords and tenants in peri-urban Lusaka, Zambia

shareadmin — Fri, 31 May 2019 14:23:02 +0000

Tidwell et al. (2018) published this paper in the International Journal of Environmental Health Research. The paper discusses theory-driven formative research on on-site, shared sanitation quality improvement among landlords and tenants in peri-urban Lusaka, Zambia. Interviews were carried out with 33 landlords and 33 tenants in Lusaka to understand shared sanitation quality improvement behaviours and preferences. The data collected showed that improved, shared toilets were common, but many were of low quality and poorly cleaned. The authors describe some of the limiting factors that have caused this. Interventions with landlords that target non-health motivations for sanitation improvement and introducing effective cleaning systems may be useful in improving peri-urban sanitation quality.

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The social dynamics around shared sanitation in an informal settlement of Lusaka, Zambia

shareadmin — Fri, 31 May 2019 14:11:14 +0000

This research conducted by Chipungu et al. (2019) uncovers social dynamics trends affecting collective management of shared sanitation in the Bauleni compound of Lusaka, Zambia. The work was published in The Journal of Water, Sanitation & Hygiene for Development. Interviews with landlords and tenants revealed interesting dynamics around the pit latrines, which were mostly shared between landlords and tenants on residential plots. Unwelcome non-plot members sometimes used the latrines, there were disparities in plot members sticking to the cleaning regime and landlords typically decided on latrine improvements independent of tenants, despite tenants often being willing to invest money in improving sanitation. The study also uncovered poor systems for monitoring of the latrines and conflict resolution and a lack of local organisations managing the sanitation. The findings in the study will pave the way forward for developing behavioural interventions for the improvement of urban sanitation.

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Assessing peri-urban sanitation quality using a theoretically derived composite measure in Lusaka, Zambia

shareadmin — Thu, 02 Aug 2018 09:45:47 +0000

This paper, published by Tidwell et al. (2018) in The Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development, highlights how a Peri-Urban Healthy Toilet Index (PUHTI) was created for measuring on-site, peri-urban sanitation quality in Lusaka, Zambia. Applying the PUHTI tool showed that while 87% of toilets were classified as ‘improved, but shared,’ there were frequent concerns about doors that could not be locked, dirty user interfaces, unhygienic containment, limited emptyability, and lack of handwashing facilities.

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Aetiology of Diarrhoea in Children Under Five in Zambia Detected Using Luminex xTAG Gastrointestinal Pathogen Panel

shareadmin — Tue, 17 Jul 2018 14:43:04 +0000

This study, conducted by Chisenga et al. (2018) and published in Pediatric Infectious Disease, aimed to document viral, bacterial and protozoan enteric pathogens responsible for causing moderate-to-severe diarrhoea among children under five presenting at public health facilities in Zambia following the introduction of rotavirus vaccination. This was a cross-sectional study in which clinical data and stool samples were collected between July 2012 and October 2013 from children under five years presenting to outpatient clinics in Lusaka province with moderate-tosevere diarrhoea. The study was conducted during the early months post rotavirus vaccine introduction in Zambia. We used Luminex x-TAG® gastrointestinal pathogen panel to simultaneously detect enteric viruses, bacteria and protozoa from the stool samples. We applied the population attributable fraction to estimate pathogen-specific burden of moderate-to-severe diarrhoea. We analysed 1,135 unique stool samples with clinical data, of which 56% had received one or full dose rotavirus vaccination. The median age was 14 months (IQR=8, 22). The prevalence of moderate-to-severe diarrhoea was estimated as 18.9% (95%CI=16.7, 21.2). The most attributable cases of moderate-to-severe diarrhoea were due to rotavirus {attributable fraction=24.5%; 95%CI=(5.4, 39.7)} followed by Shigella spp. {attributable fraction=6.7%; 95%CI=(0.1, 15.5)}. The top 5 enteric pathogens detected among children were rotavirus (67.6%), Adenovirus (41.5%), ETEC (40.7%), Salmonella (38.4%) and Giardia (37.0%). We found that about one-third of moderate-tosevere diarrhoea among children were attributable to rotavirus and Shigella spp.

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